Basic structure of the switch

Time: 2022-11-22 17:52

  The diode in parallel with the relay acts as protection, preventing high voltage generated by self-induction from damaging the transistor when the relay is de-energized and released.

  Component specifications: J relay Model 4098 operating voltage 6V, V1V2 transistor 9014, VD diode 2CP10 or 1N4001, R potentiometer 100k, C electrolytic capacitor 100u/6V, K1 push button switch.

  The simplest switches have two pieces of metal called "contacts". When the two contacts touch, they complete the circuit, and when they do not touch, the circuit is open. When selecting contact metals, their resistance to corrosion must be considered, as most metals form insulating oxides after oxidation, which prevents the contacts from functioning properly. Factors such as electrical conductivity, hardness, mechanical strength, cost, and toxicity must also be considered when selecting contact metals. Sometimes, corrosion-resistant metals are electroplated onto the contacts. This is generally done on the contact surfaces to prevent performance degradation due to oxides. Sometimes, non-metallic conductive materials, such as conductive plastic, are also used for contact surfaces. In addition to contacts, switches also have moving parts that make the contacts conduct or not conduct. Switches can be classified into Toggle switches, push button switches, Rocker switches, etc., based on their different moving parts, and the moving parts can also be other types of mechanical linkages.

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